Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Top 25 Undergraduate Schools

With competition rising fiercely for admission into a good undergraduate school and the choice of subjects, school curriculum expanding with it, choosing the best undergraduate school can be confusing. There are large, small, public, private, urban and rural undergraduate schools to select from; while some are appealing because of their inviting locale in a countryside setting or in the midst of a cosmopolitan setting others lure the students with their state-of-the-art facilities and distinguished host of teachers.

The list of top 25 undergraduate schools listed below have many diverse traits and distinct characteristics, however the common thread running through them is that of the promise of the best education ever. The undergraduate school curriculum of these top 25 schools is unparalleled and makes them stand apart as the institutions of great learning.

Best Ivy undergraduate school

Top 25 Undergraduate Schools

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Yale president Richard Levin is a leader and a visionary and has been tireless in his efforts to change ED admissions policies, making it a one of the many reasons for it being the vied for the number one position and topping the student's list for admissions. A big attraction of the undergraduate experience for students is the residential-college system. Students live in one of twelve colleges, each with its own distinct personality, under the guidance of a master and a dean.

Best School for Entrepreneurs

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.

Six of the campus's 10 undergraduate schools offer entrepreneurship courses. The Smeal College of Business and the College of Engineering are the most natural partners, with joint programs to show engineers how to run businesses and to teach business students the latest technology. Hotel-management students operate two on-campus hotels and conference centres where they're involved in everything from food service to staffing the front desk while the College of Communications focuses on entrepreneurship in the Information Age.

Big 10 School - Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill

Comprising of six undergraduate schools, Northwestern University attracts students with diverse aspirations including budding actors, journalists, engineers and teachers as well as a host of liberal-arts students. Each school is world renown and attracts the best minds from across the globe. Set in Evanston at the edge of the bustling Cosmo polis of Chicago, Northwestern offers its students the best of both worlds.

Best Architectural School - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

President Charles Vest initiated an ambitious billion construction program at MIT which includes the Steven Holl's Simmons Hall, a aluminium-clad dormitory as well as the Fumihiko Maki's expansion of the Media Lab. The more famous building is that of the Stata Center, a computer-science landmark by Frank Gehry containing labs for the "intelligence sciences" and connected corridors and public spaces to encourage spontaneous collaboration. MIT calls it an "intellectual village."

Best school of for Arts - Juilliard School, New York, N.Y.

With a history of more than a hundred years, Julliard is known as one the most famous undergraduate school of arts and can boast of an impressive alumni list the likes of the actor Kevin Kline, violinist Itzhak Perlman and choreographer Lar Lubovitch. To celebrate this glory, the school has introduced new choreography, productions and performances. Only a few select students comprising of musicians, dancers and actors get chosen every year to showcase their talent in the Juilliard Theatre right next to Lincoln Centre. That's the best inspiration for any aspiring star.

Best Library- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Harvard's library system ranks with the best of any kind in the country, even as compared to the Library of Congress. The collection which includes more than 15 million volumes, 5.5 million microforms, 6.5 million manuscripts and 5 million other research materials such as photographs, maps and recordings is the largest in the world. Harvard's digital collection is particularly strong, and is hugely beneficial for students who want access to any existing online journal

Best Riding School - Hollins University, Roanoke, Virginia

Situated in the breathtaking locale of Virginia's horse country, Hollins undergraduate school is known for its exceptional training for equestriennes. The school is a regular winner of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference championship, and the Hollins team has won ten times in the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association. Although many Hollins students work with horses after graduation as trainers, riders or veterinarians, the school also offers a strong liberal-arts program and a highly regarded creative-writing curriculum. It is famous for its celebrity alumni the likes of Margaret Wise Brown, Annie Dillard and Lee Smith.

Best undergraduate school for diversity-Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut

Dean of Admissions Nancy Meislahn believes that only a large cross section of society from across the globe can contribute to the intellectual diversity of an educational system. Wesleyan's student population comprises of one third coloured people and 7% international students. An additional 15% are the first in their family to attend a four-year college. It offers a huge diversity of shared learning and wide range of perspective to the classroom.

Best Tech Savvy School - Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H

This undergraduate school has been in the forefront of technological revolution ever since professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, forty years ago, not only realized the importance of computers but were responsible for creating the computer language BASIC. It is known to have the first e-mail programs and an early campus computer network. Dartmouth was also the first Ivy to install WiFi on campus. The school offers free software to students so they can turn their laptops into telephones using the school's WiFi.

Best Fitness School - University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Following the adage of Thomas Jefferson, the founder of UVA, who advocated that a strong body makes the mind strong, UVA offers both varsity competitors and weekend warriors some of the best fitness facilities in the country. Students benefit hugely from the four indoor recreation centres, which together make up 300,000 square feet of pools, running tracks, weight rooms and classrooms for yoga and kickboxing. The school also maintains a 23-acre park for outdoor field sports and jogging.

Best Honor Code - Haverford College, Haverford, Pa.

The honor code is central to the college's values and includes every aspect of academic and social life. Rob Killion, Director of Admissions says that the founder, Haverford expects people to learn from one another, debate and argue with one another--but to do so respectfully. It is an academically rigorous liberal-arts college that advocates take-home and non-supervised exams as well as students living in dorms, without resident advisers

Best school for studying abroad - Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts

The mission at Tufts is simple - to teach students to be world citizens. Tufts likes students who want to study abroad which translates into a strong language requirement, and a chance to learn a new culture in one of Tufts's own centres in countries like Germany, Chile, China or Ghana. About 40% of Tufts juniors are travelling across the world during the academic year.

Best School for Politics - George Washington University, Washington, D.C

With a campus close to the World Bank and a stone's throw away from the White House, GWU is a dream college for every Political Science major. Many of the professors are consultants to top government officials thus bringing a real, practical and intelligent perspective to the classroom. The school also encourages internships at government agencies, think tanks and advocacy organizations.

Best school for Double Majors - Rice University, Houston, Texas

Rice allows its students to explore their passions and requires them to commit to their majors only in the Junior Year unlike most schools who ask for it in the Sophomore Year. With an ambitious student body, many of them go for double majors. The most common combination is science and humanities. The school is best known for its engineering and science curriculum, but the social sciences are also becoming strong.

Best school for Greeks with brains- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich

Michigan is known for its multi-disciplinary approach including everything from music to medicine. A good eclectic mix of academics and a lively social life, it offers its students everything. About 15% of undergrads go Greek, which students say helps them find a friendlier community within the vast student population. Fraternities and sororities are especially popular with the many out-of-state students.

Best school for Hot and Dry - Pomona College, Claremont, Calif.

Pomona is one of five colleges of the Claremont University where students experience the best of both worlds - the academically challenging environment of a small New England liberal-arts college with year-round California sunshine. A combination that is attractive and motivating, the applications are up by almost 30% in the last few years. Students also can explore the academic and social resources of the other Claremont colleges, including Pitzer, Harvey Mudd and Scripps. But none of the colleges will be tapping a keg during "dry week," a tradition at the start of the year during wherein no alcohol is allowed on campus.

Best State University - University of Texas at Austin

Although University of Texas Austin has attained the distinction of a laid-back campus, it is no place for slackers. With 50,000 students (more than any other school in the country), UT boasts some of the nation's best business, law and engineering schools. Besides football, it has 900 student organizations that should keep you going.

Best school for landing a job - Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa

Practical approach and hands-on experience is the most important part of life at Carnegie Mellon. The school has 12 programs including computer science, engineering and drama which are very famous. The school takes pride in being on the cutting edge in every field and encourages students to think about applying what they learn to the real world. About 70 percent of Carnegie Mellon students have a job offer when they graduate.

Best school for Health Careers - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.

One of the top public universities in the US, UNC-Chapel Hill offers students a choice of more than 50 majors. But the main attraction for future doctors, nurses and other health professionals is the opportunity to study at a campus with all health disciplines in one place. The School of Nursing and the School of Public Health both have undergraduate programs. At the School of Medicine, undergrads can earn degrees in radiology science or clinical laboratory practice.

Best school for Individualists - Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio

Oberlin comprises of the College of Arts and Sciences and the Conservatory of Music. It has a unique approach to life and learning and the undergraduate school curriculum offers innovative subject matter like - Death and the Art of Dying, American Mixed Blood, and Destination: L.A. The student-run Experimental College lets undergraduates teach courses of their own creation, like Making Your Own Mobile or Mythology and Epic Storytelling in "Lord of the Rings." This eccentricity is very rewarding and Oberlin graduates have more Ph.D.s than alumni of any other liberal-arts college.

Best school for city haters - Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Cornell's rural, upstate New York campus is bounded by deep gorges, spectacular scenery and a beautiful rural setting. However, it has one of the most rigorous and challenging curriculum that draws only the best minds. The school's greatest attraction is its academic diversity, with top-ranked undergraduate schools of engineering, arts and sciences, architecture, hotel administration, industrial and labour relations, agriculture and human ecology.

Best school for city lovers - New York University, New York, N.Y.

With the Olsen twins Mary-Kate and Ashley lending NYU some of its fame, it is a school loved by the urban and the hip. Despite the 9/11 catastrophe, it continues to draw crowds of talented students. One of the top attractions is the Tisch School of the Arts, which nurtures future actors, dancers and screenwriters. The business school is also highly rated, and students can take advantage of internships on Wall Street. The campus of NYU is not structured in the strictest sense; in fact buildings scattered throughout the Greenwich Village, most students like to believe that they have the whole city as the campus to explore.

Best Military School - U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.

The four-year undergraduate curriculum at Annapolis is tough and technically oriented, with core requirements in engineering, natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. Traditions play a huge part in campus life. "When you first show up for classes in the fall, students begin counting down the number of days until the Army-Navy game," says Cmdr. Tim Disher, admissions officer. Graduates become commissioned officers in the Navy or the Marine Corps.

Best undergraduate school for scholarships - Berea College, Berea, Ky.
The 1,500 students at Berea come from families with average household incomes of only ,000, and 80% have grown up in southern Appalachia, a region that spans nine states with some of the most remote and poor rural communities in the country. Berea's mission is unique in that it believes in promoting education by giving scholarships to the poor but deserving. All students get full-tuition scholarships, although they do have to pay for their room, board and books. However, scholarships are available for those as well. Students are required to work--many of them at jobs on campus that help to keep Berea's costs down.

Best Surf and Ski School - University of California, Santa Barbara

It is known to be the most beautiful campus located at the edge of the Pacific. UCSB also boasts Nobel Prize winners on its faculty, top research centres in science and technology and an extensive study-abroad program. Aside from the top academics, the various recreation programs offered attract many of the students. The campus has its own beaches where students can surf, and the Big Bear ski resort is just a few hours' drive away.

Top 25 Undergraduate Schools
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Friday, November 23, 2012

The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty

The Roman Principate and the Han dynasty were two very competent empires that left lasting influences in the areas of their expansion, even following their demise. Despite this congruence in basic political structure and social arrangements, the two empires varied in concepts such as religion, center of power, and military significance. This compelling unity, nevertheless, revived for the Chinese years later, but unfortunately never remerged for the Romans.

In order to have had an empire, of course, both civilizations had very strong and autocratic central governments. This allowed for a powerful and an ever-expanding kingdom. This expansionary military needed a way to travel, thus was the reason for creating a road system. The basic foundation for the military and government may appear to be similar on the surface, but they actually were quite different. The Roman army, for one, was a more experienced and privileged group of men who held higher ranks in the class system. These men, along with the senate also played a vital role in the picking of an emperor and maintained a great deal of loyalty to him. The senate was typically the center of power for the Roman Empire, anyway. In the Han dynasty, however, the ruler was hereditary and he had to appeal, persuade, and even threaten to achieve agreement with him. The military was certainly less loyal and less likely to struggle for power, mostly due to the fact that the soldiers were newly drafted and had little experience. China had two capital cities, Luoyang in the east, and Chang'an in the West, that served as seats of power for emporers. The middle class was free from government constraints in Rome, which allowed for economic mobility. This was not the case for the Han as the merchant class was restricted by the government. The imperial model of these two societies managed only to revive in China some years later; however, the same cannot be stated for Rome.

Ultimately, the two empires were agriculturally based with homogenous cities and diverse peoples living in the surrounding regions. Rome was even considered an urban empire because rule was from the cities, in spite of having over eighty percent dedicated to agriculture. The cultures had very different attitudes concerning the state and family, though. The hierarchy, strengthened by Confucius thought, was emphasized in China as compared to Rome. The family, with a good deal of deference for ancestors and respect for authority, was a significant model for society and the state. In Rome, the cult of ancestors and the family was not a model for society. There, in truth, was never a definite ideology of political organization for the state and its rulers to abide by. This may explain why there was never a reemergence of the Roman imperial model.

The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty

Religion was perhaps the prime distinction between the two nations. While the Han appeared to benefit from the doctrines of Confucius, Christianity appealed to the Romans, but after its acceptance from Constantine. After Constantine's revelation with Christianity, he ended the persecution of Christians and nearly converted the entire empire to these beliefs. It is unknown whether Constantine actually accepted Christianity, but he supported the church as did numerous succeeding rulers. This religion eventually influenced many decisions and beliefs of future rulers of Rome. It more specifically appealed to the lower classes such as women, slaves, and the poor. Buddhism, a heresy to Confucius idea, was just emerging in China and did not grasp the majority until the post-Han era.

Conclusively, the cost of such a vast empire was more than the government and its people could bear. The broad borders of the two empires required too much maintenance and were quite expensive. To keep up with the escalating dilemma, the state was forced to tax its citizens extensively. This action lost the loyalty of the public and many borders were abandoned, weakening the government in return. The two governments could not afford this burden and failed to extend the life of the empire and they fundamentally collapsed. However, the new immigrant groups that now flourished in these areas tried to maintain the culture of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty after being subjected by them for so many years.

The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty
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Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Difference Between APA and MLA

When conducting research papers, there are two major styles we can choose. The first style is MLA style. MLA style is more commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities category. The second style that we use for research papers is APA style. APA style is commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences category. So far in my writing career I have only experienced writing MLA format. I am excited to conduct my next library research on immigration using the APA style. In this journal entry, I will be exploring some key aspects of using APA style and exploring some major differences between APA and MLA styles.

The general format of the APA format includes: a title page, page numbers and running head, an abstract, headings, visuals, and a list of references. The title page should include a running head for publication purposes, a title, and byline. Going with the title page includes page numbers and a running heading. On the upper right-hand corner of each page, there should include a 1-2 word version of the title. Next follow the title with five spaces and then the page number. The abstract is a 75-100 word overview of the essay and should be on its own separate page after the title page. Visuals such as tables and graphs can be very useful in providing supplements to the research paper. The visual must be as simple as possible clearly labeled. Finally, similar to a works cited page in a MLA style paper, an APA research paper need a list of reference. The list of reference must have a title that is centered from the top of the page and double spaced. The list must be alphabetized by last name of the authors.

MLA papers on the other hand, do not include a separate title page but do contain a works cited page unlike the reference page of APA papers as mentioned. The first page in the upper left-hand corner of an MLA paper should include your name, your instructor's name, the course title, and the date, all double spaced. All pages should be numbered in the upper right-hand corner and the title should be centered. The works cited page should begin on a new page must be numbered and alphabetized by the author's last name first. Sentences made should also be double spaced with indented lines after the first sentence. Titles should be underlined or enclosed in quotation marks.

Difference Between APA and MLA

In writing research papers, there are two very distinctive styles yet important in their own rights in presenting the research conducted. After working with MLA style until now, I feel that the MLA style would be easier to organize because it is the style that I am most common with. However, I feel that the structure of the APA style is more professional wherein it includes the need to analyze important scientific literature. The APA style is also more professional in which it goes in depth and includes an abstract, headings for sub-topics, and visuals.

Difference Between APA and MLA
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Undergraduate Writer

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Friday, November 16, 2012

A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag

The cowboy's bedroll, unlike bedrolls or sleeping bags used by modern-day campers, was much, much more than a sleeping bag. The bedroll served as his "mini-home" on the range.

In its most elaborate form, a bedroll contained a whole host of personal possessions wrapped in canvas (when canvas could be found) or sometimes just in make-shift heavy grain sack cloth. Tied up or strapped within such a bedroll might be a "sugan" (also spelled "sougan" or "suggan" and several other very creative ways) or two and the cowboy's "war bag" or "possibles sack." In fact, a well-planned and well-stocked bedroll carefully wrapped and tied might be slung across a horse's back behind the saddle, or if it was too large and burdensome and the cowboy was a working cowboy, his bedroll might be slung off the side of a chuck wagon or tucked down in the bed of the chuck wagon along with all the crew's cooking utensils.

Smaller bedrolls for "portability" may have been mounted on the cowboy's horse, but not the true, masterpieces of portable homes like a serious, full-grown bedroll. Which means we should ask -- what were these mysterious "sugans" or "war bags," and how did they work for the average cowboy?

A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag

Sugans -- These were heavy blankets, or more often quilts, that contained some substance and if possible some padding that made them warm for cover. The same term is sometimes used for a small tarp or canvas that could be drapped over a tree branch or propped up with sticks to form a rudimentary one-man tent. So a sugan might be a tent, or you might think of it as a sleeping bag. The important thing in winters on the range in Texas or across the Great Plains was that sugans should provide both shelter and warmth as much as possible.

War Bags or Possible Sacks -- If you think about those terms, you may figure this one out. These were canvas bags or often just old grain or flower sacks in which the cowboy kept prized possessions. They could be grabbed up and taken along in a hurry. Quoting from Winfred Blevins' "Dictionary of the American West":

"In the days of the open range, a snoop probably would have found some town clothing, the makings (for cigarettes), cartridges and maybe some letters from home in it [the war bag]."

A modern-day bedroll is much less colorful and exciting. In cowboy terms, "bedroll" was equivalent to an entire one-person camping setup. In modern terms a "bedroll" really just refers to a good sleeping bag.

The old "cowboy ways" of using bedroll appeals to me the most. It makes a bedroll into a portable campsite, a portable home away from home.

A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag
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Find everything from Old West collectibles to saddles and Western decor, along with some great tales of the West at Gary Speer's website, "Life in the Old West," http://www.lifeintheoldwest.com

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Tuesday, November 13, 2012

Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators

There is a broad range of careers that you can pursue with a background in education, many of which you may never have thought of. You can use your teaching skills for career opportunities in higher education, childcare administration, publishing, information science, journalism, sales, marketing, human resources and much more. And this is by no means an exhaustive list; this is just the tip of the iceberg. And it stands to reason that if you can wrangle a gaggle of kindergartners, seventh-graders or first-year college students, you have many of the skills necessary to manage employees in various settings.

Let's take a closer look at a few of the career options mentioned above to get you thinking in some broadening directions:

Higher Education

Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators

Do you feel drawn to the world of academia and higher education? Educators and teachers are able to transition with relative ease into jobs in higher ed- college administration, student affairs, curriculum development, alumni relations and development, human resources, you name it. Having a master's degree in education as your foundation, your teacher skills are quite transferable in the higher education workplace, both in faculty and administration. You can work toward becoming a professor, perhaps a dean of a department, a director of financial aid; the possibilities are endless. The Chronicle of Higher Education, the go-to publication for Higher Education professionals, can better help you get a grip on the ins and outs of academia.

Curriculum Specialist / Instructional Coordinator

As a teacher, you've probably been (or will soon be) intimately involved in planning, preparing coursework and developing syllabi for your classes. If you enjoy that aspect of teaching and want to shape the student learning process on a grander scale, think about becoming an instructional coordinator, or curriculum specialist. You'll train other teachers, choose textbooks, coordinate the implementation of technology, evaluate existing programs for suitability and success or even develop a unique curriculum to be used by teachers. This is an exciting and creative field, and for many, as rewarding as teaching.

Information Science

As a direct result of the digital revolution, information science is one of the most exciting fields emerging today. Information scientists attend to how people present, access and use information of all kinds. The amount of data and information available is ever expanding, and is increasing across fields and contexts-from the natural and social sciences, to the humanities, to private and public sectors alike. Educators play an important role in how this information is presented and how we access it. Digital libraries, websites, blogs and all types of online user services are emerging that rely on knowing how a person learns and accesses information, and how others respond to it. Opportunities in new media, online publishing and distance education-just to name a few-abound for students trained in educational practice and theory.

Human Resources

Do you enjoy forging professional relationships and team building? You may want to consider human resources development, perhaps as a personnel or labor relations specialist. Human resources, as a job field, is ever-evolving-pulling together elements of psychology, management, financial planning, economy and development to help steer and guide a company toward shared goals. While it's true that human resources professionals are commonly thought of as bridges between the management and workforce, it can be so much more. So do some investigating yourself; check out this broad and informative overview of careers in human resources, training and labor relations management.

Museum Curator

Are museums your cup of tea? They often employ those with education degrees as archivists, curators and technicians. Museum jobs offer an educational and fascinating alternative to the classroom. An archivist will research, classify and catalog information of all types-photos, news articles, film, video and sound recordings, letters, books and all manner of electronic data. A curator, on the other hand, is more likely to deal with tangible items-art, collectibles, historic objects, bits of nature-and coordinate displays or programs for the public. Museums are the educational cornerstones to our past and future, and museums are always in need of emerging professionals, so check out the American Association of Museums career page to learn more.

You've just had a look at a very small slice of the career options available to those with master's and professional degrees in education. With the ways in which we interact, learn and work changing so rapidly, entire industries are being built around emerging technologies and new economies. Perhaps the wheels have started turning for you and you've begun to realize that a master's degree in education is in no way a limitation on your career options, but instead can prepare you for a whole world of exciting work opportunities. Do your own research, delve deep into your own interests-work will never feel like work as long as you're doing what you love.

Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators
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Thursday, November 8, 2012

Mexico's "Los Ninos Heroes" - Heroic Children

The Niños Heroes (Heroic Children) were six teenage military cadets who died defending Mexico at Mexico City's Chapultepec Castle (which was the Mexican army's military academy,) from invading forces from the U.S.in the Battle of Chapultepec on September 13, 1847. Mexico has had many heroes through its long and eventful history but conceivably none have mesmerized the thoughts and stirred the hearts to the extent that Los Niños Heros have. These brave young men fought valiantly for their country during the Mexican-American War but sadly, they died defending México's honor.

These cadets ranged in age from 13 to 19 years of age. Their commanders ordered them to fall back but the cadets did not and instead they resisted the invaders until they were all dead. The six young men refused to relinquish their posts and bravely met the superior forces of the Americans.

· The last survivor Juan Escuitia born in Tepic between 1828 and 1832 was a second lieutenant in an artillery company, and is said to have draped himself with the Mexican flag before jumping to his death to prevent it from being taken by the enemy.

Mexico's "Los Ninos Heroes" - Heroic Children

· The other five were Juan de la Barrera, born in Mexico city in 1828 He was the son of an army general who enlisted at the age of 12 and died defending a gun battery at the entrance to the park. He was 19 and the oldest of the six.

· Francisco Marques, born in Guadalajara, Jalisco in 1834 and was the step son of an army cavalry captain. He applied to the Academy on January 14, 1847 and belonged to the first company of cadets. His bullet riddled body was found on the east flank of the hill. He was the youngest of the six;

· Agustin Melgar born in Chihuahua, Chihuahua between 1828 and 1832. He was the son of Esteban Melgar, a lieutenant colonel in the army and Maria de la Luz Sevilla, both of whom died while he was very young and he applied for the Academy on November 4, 1846. He was able to shoot and kill invaders before taking refuge behind some mattresses in one of the rooms but was mortally wounded.

· Fernando Montes de Oca born in Azcapotzalco, Mx., Mexico between 1828 and 1832 to Jose Maria Monted de Oca and Josefa Rodriguez. He applied to the Academy on January 24,01847 and was one of the cadets who remained in the castle. His personal record reads "Killed for his country on 13 September 1847";

· Vicente Suarezborn in 1882 in Puebla, Puebla and was the son of Miguel Suarez, a cavalry officer and Maria de la Luz Ortega. He applied for admission to the Academy on October 21, 1845 and was killed at his post in hand-to-hand combat.

They were buried in the grounds of Chapultepec Park in an undisclosed location and on September 27, 1952, they were re-interred at the monument top of the Heroic Cadets in Chapultepec.

This grand monument was raised in their honor, "Los Niños Heroes Monument," and stands proudly at the entrance to Chapultepec Park in Mexico City. This impressive monument was made of Carrara marble by architect Enrique Aragon and sculptor Erlesto Tamariz in 1952.

In 1947, President Harry S. Truman of the United States visited the "Los Niños Heroes" monument where there was a moment of reverential silence observed by the President as a sign of respect for the young boy cadets. When President Truman was asked why he stopped at the monument his response was, "I respect bravery wherever I see it."

Mexico's "Los Ninos Heroes" - Heroic Children
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Wednesday, November 7, 2012

Aphrodite - The Goddess of Love

Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, lust, procreation, sexual reproduction and fertility. Her Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus. She is also the protector of the sailors and the myrtle, the dove, the sparrow, the swan, the apple, the scallop shell and the mirror are sacred to her. She is accompanied by the winged god of love called Eros.

Aphrodite the goddess of love has her origins from ancient civilizations. Her origins can be traced from the old Asian Goddesses like the Mesopotamian Ishtar and the Palestinian goddess i.e.the ancient Semitic goddess of love Ishtar. So the Greek were not the first to worship the goddess of love. Matter of fact the ancient Greek themselves believed that Aphrodite was both Greek and foreign in origin. It is said that she was in fact "Cyprian" and many of her attributes reflect the origins of Asian Mycenaean times. She is a mix of Hellenic or Aegean Goddess. She also latter got identified with Venus the Roman goddess of love. Her offspring's are said to be the founder ruling clan of the roman civilization.

Aphrodite: The dual birth story

Aphrodite - The Goddess of Love

The Goddess of love has two birth stories and one relates to her birth from Uranus and here she is called as the Aphrodite Uranus or Celestial Aphrodite and through this birth she manifests all higher quality of love that is pure and spiritual. In this manifestation she is linked to the creation of the world and that makes her one of the oldest divinities who is present from the beginning of time. On the other hand there is another birth story attributed to her where she is known be the daughter of Zeus. In this manifestation she is linked to the basal nature of love, lust and physical satisfaction. Therefore Aphrodite seems to be a goddess who can manifest all the qualities of love from the most basal and physical to highest order of spiritual love.

Aphrodite: In Mythological manifestations

She is patron deity of love and she has assisted both human and divine lovers. She was involved in bringing together the most famous couple of Greek myth that is Paris and Helen. She was also a goddess who was personally involved with lot of lovers both divine and human. She was considered as a unique and powerful deity with tremendous powers in the matter of love, freedom and human feelings.

Aphrodite: Hidden powers

Her domain of influence included the innermost feelings of the heart and the reservoir of human passion. Such power was revealed through her actions both towards her faithful followers and those who incited her anger. She was particularly wrathful against those who tried to disrupt or prevent the natural workings of love and sexuality. Her abilities where not just a tool for creating petty love but a real instrument of power which could kindle and awaken the innermost hidden passions of love in all beings.

Aphrodite: True meaning of her manifestations

In her basal manifestation, she was the symbol of freedom and liberated sexuality. She was a rebel in true sense and her seductive abilities where of the highest order. Nobody could resist her charms that came from her embroidered griddle that, in both gods and men aroused passion for the wearer. She was in fact feared and that's why anybody who opposed the workings of love and sexuality condemned her reputation. She had lovers among both God and human. Her affairs with the God of War, Ares and creation of many children is the most well known affair with the divine. On the other hand she is also credited in giving birth to the founder of the nation of Italy and the mystical founder of the Roman people, Aeneas who is one of the most well known mortal children she had. Aeneas was born with her liaison she had with a shepherd. Her control over love and passion was complete and with this power she could influence both the divine and the mortal in a profound manner.

Aphrodite: A glimpse of the War Goddess

Aphrodite may have been also projected as a war goddess especially in Sparta which was a militaristic state and where even girls where raised in militaristic traditions. She was also paired with the god of war, Ares in mythology and worship. Even when her origins are traced to the ancient goddesses we find the attribute of goddess of war being projected. Ishtar the ancient goddess to whom she is linked was a goddess of war and fertility.

Aphrodite: Her celebration in art and festivals

As a Greek goddess of love, beauty, fertility and passion she had rich presence in numerous myths, poems, plays and stories. She was richly depicted in Greek sculpture and vase painting. She was often depicted nude. Vase paintings of antiquity have shown her associated with the dove and the goose on which she is seen riding. She has also been painted riding the giant scallop shell. Venus de Milo, the statue with a lost arm is one of her famous representations. In ancient Greece her festival the Aphrodisiac was celebrated in various centers and her priestesses were considered to be goddess and sexual intercourse with them was considered as a way of worship of the goddess.

Aphrodite: The true symbolization

Aphrodite was truly a powerful and influential goddess of the Greek who symbolized love, passion and freedom. Her worship was a celebration of the most primal instincts of the human nature as well as the highest ideals of love and emotion. She represented the most basal passions of physicality as well as the most scared, pure, compassionate and spiritual manifestation of love. She was a goddess to whom humanity could closely relate to in terms of fertility, nurturing and growth.

Aphrodite - The Goddess of Love
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Tuesday, November 6, 2012

Thai Wai

Thai culture, Thai custom & Thai tradition.

What is wai?

Wai is a form of Thai culture which represents various aspects of Thai honorific system. For example, wai shows Thai politeness, respect, honor, and friendship. Thais wai when greeting or leaving. Along with a wai, Thais usually say "sawasdee," which means "hello" in English. The wai tradition has been succeeded to the present generation since Sukhotai Period, approximately A.D. 1238). Wai can also be used in articulating apology or gratitude. For these purposes, a person who wais usually says, "khor-thod" or "khob-khun," respectively.

Thai Wai

How to wai

1. Put the palms together. According to Buddhism, Thais call wai "pra-nom-mue" (keep waiing all the time) or "unchalee". When waiing, put your palms together, straighten and press your finger tips together. Raise your palms to your chest and keep your elbows close to your body. When talking to priests and the royal family, Thais always "pra-nom-mue." When leaving these respectful people, the younger usually "unchalee" them.

2. Bow your head. Wai can be in the form of "wan-ta." In so doing, Thais bow their heads and high their palms up until the index fingers touch their mouths or noses, depending on the person who they wai.

Tips

There are many kinds of Thai wai, depending on the social status, power, age, and prestige of a person/people who receive the wai. There are three major groups of people of higher status in the traditional Thai society.

1. Monks/priests/royal family

To wai people in this category, bow one's head and raise one's hands until the thumbs touch the forehead.

2. Teachers/parents

To wai these people, do the same as in (1). However, the waier's index finger must touch the nose. This is similar to a culture in which people raise their index fingers to touch their nose when paying respect to parents and touch their mouths when paying respect to the teacher.

3. Ordinary people/acquaintances with older age.

To wai someone who is older, simply raise the pressed palms to the lips/mouth.

For all these three types, keep your hands and elbows close to the body.

Do you know?

The most important thing when waiing somebody is that the waier must wai from their whole hearts. In other words, the waier should sincerely pay respect to the waied or the wai receiver both mentally and physically.

How to return/receive the wai?

If somebody gives the other a wai, it usually means that they pay respect toward him or her. To return their good manner, the wai receiver usually wai back. That is, the wai receiver does the same to the waier (i.e. put their palms together in front of their chests), but they do not bow their heads.

Thai Wai
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