Theo - The Guardian Angel of Vincent Van Gogh

Great painter that he was, Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 - 29 July 1890) was nevertheless one of the most under confident artists, who forever doubted his own capabilities and resorted to almost suicidal acts like cutting off his ears to please a prostitute. Vincent had nearly regular nervous breakdowns, which sprung from his failed relationships and a constant struggle to communicate. The anti-social Vincent van Gogh shared a window to the society only through his younger brother Theodorus van Gogh, or simply Theo.

While Vincent was a study in total psychological hysteria and gave an impression of a man who never could find his way around the world, he had a perfect foil in his younger sibling; Theo. Theodorus was the exact opposite of the prodigal Vincent van Gogh. Although both of them started as art dealers with the art firm Goupil and Co, Vincent van Gogh fell out of favor due to his wild ways and an impractical idealistic streak (even though his family was a major stake holder in the firm). As Vincent van Gogh bounced around from Dutch countryside to London and Paris, Theo was a constant source of moral and financial support. Vincent dabbled disastrously in theology and Church while painting just for subsistence. The ever-sympathetic Theo always augmented Vincent van Gogh's sporadic commissions. His constant letters of support and warmth kept a deranged Vincent on the tether. Some, one thousand authenticated letters survive to this day, which speak of the genuine love and affection that Theo and Vincent felt for each other.

There was so to speak a role reversal in their relationship. Theo being younger played the role of a supporting elder sibling, while Vincent cavorted with unsuccessful careers one after another. Financially, Theo sought to help Vincent by arranging for the sale of his paintings even though the incomes were meager (Vincent sold only one painting in his entire lifetime). Vincent van Gogh lived on the edges of penury and Theo sent even his painting materials. There were times when out of sheer morbid depression, Vincent would contemplate suicide, only to be saved by Theo's words.

Theo - The Guardian Angel of Vincent Van Gogh

Theo perhaps had an inkling of Vincent's greatness but far from that, he had genuine love and affection for his brother, much beyond his art. He had no qualms about supporting his brother even though he was really not very well off. Vincent van Gogh was consciously forever in debt of his brother and acknowledged so on numerous occasions while Theo never ever made it apparent. In fact, Vincent van Gogh felt that the only one who could understand him was Theodorus van Gogh, and this dependence was so strong that he fell into severe depression on hearing of Theo's marriage. Vincent van Gogh was forever in Theo's debt and as Theo's health deteriorated, Vincent fell into morbid depression at his failure to contribute. At this time, when he was barely 37, he walked into the fields and shot himself, dying a painful death after two days of suffering the wound.

Theo - The Guardian Angel of Vincent Van Gogh
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Annette Labedzki received her BFA at the Emily Carr College of Art and Design in Vancouver, B.C. Canada. She has more than 25 years experience. She is the founder and developer of an online art gallery featuring original art from all over the world. It is a great site for art collectors to buy original art. Is is also a venue for artists to display and sell their art. Artists can join for free and their image upload is unlimited. Please visit the website at http://www.labedzki-art.com

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Aspen Colorado Arts and Humanities Guide

Far more than just a ski town, Aspen, Colorado takes part as a cultural leader for the nation. It shouldn't come as all that much of a surprise, with so many talented artists, musicians, directors and producers making their home in the community on a full and part time basis. Some may not realize the extent to which Aspen is involved in cultural activities though, and so we're going to have a look at some of the ways in which Aspen distinguishes itself.

Beginning with the Aspen Art Museum, we find an institution presenting the latest, most significant change in international art. With such a clear sight on the pulse of the entire world, the AAM is in a unique position to offer up the very best to its visitors. You'll find a full schedule of events and expositions for this non-collecting museum throughout the year, including benefits for the arts, domestic and international causes. Free admission is sometimes offered, courtesy of one of the local businesses. You'll find Aspen's patron love of the arts makes the Aspen Art Museum a very special place for residents and visitors alike.

The Aspen Center For Environmental Studies is another trend setting entity, in that it encourages the exploration of this world while teaching locals and visitors (some of which come from great distances for the experience,) about both the local mountain flora and fauna, but our roll in it all as well. You'll find nature hikes and talks on ecosystems, daily snowshoe walks, the chance to learn mountaineering survival techniques, and to learn how nature manages to survive in the harsh winter realities. There are even downhill skiing tours! A treat for the entire family, The ACES and its 25 acre nature center are proud to be a part of the Aspen cultural scene.

Aspen Colorado Arts and Humanities Guide

The Aspen Institute, an international non-profit organization, exists to foster enlightened leadership as well as encouraging open-minded dialogues. You'll find their schedule includes a highly eclectic set of guests and subjects important to the world today. Their Aspen Health Forum, which is a medical science conference facilitating opportunities to learn about the future of medicine and exchange ideas with Nobel Prize winners, health policy experts. Leaders in business, politics, journalism and philanthropy join together at the Aspen Institute to enact change. You'll find conferences on foreign and domestic policy, seminars with leading minds who discuss key figures in our world. Overall, this is a thinking person's dream.

The Wheeler Opera House is amongst Colorado's most prestigious live performance venues. Legendary artists past and present have played the Wheeler Opera House for over one hundred years! A wide variety of programs and artists ensures that you'll find something there for most every taste. You'll find acts such as John Prine and Mannheim Steamroller booked on the same stage as comedy duets. The Wheeler also has a cinema providing a venue for art-house film, classics, first-run films and other unusual and seldom found quality entertainment. A part of the cultural heritage of the Aspen community, they Wheeler gladly opens its doors to visitors as well.

As you can see, Aspen is a whole lot more than just a world-class ski resort town. Next time you visit, make sure to allow time to discover the cultural aspects of this extraordinary world leader.

© 2007 RightNow Communications

Aspen Colorado Arts and Humanities Guide
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Aspen Vacation Guide

Aspen Snowmass News and Events

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Pharmacy School Requirements

If you are interested in becoming a pharmacist you must know the requirements needed in order to get into pharmacy school. There are a lot of requirements so you must plan and schedule your classes accordingly.

Below are some of the requirements. Please check with the individual schools to find out more about various types of requirements.

Classes:

Pharmacy School Requirements

1) 1 year of Biology - This should be the introductory classes. You may find taking more advanced biology classes may help you for the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT).

2) 1 year of General Chemistry

3) 1 year of Organic Chemistry

4) 1 year of General Physics

5) 1 semester of Public Speaking

6) 1 - 2 semesters of Communication Class

7) A whole slew of humanities such as art, philosophy, history and etc.

Tests:

1) PCAT - This is the big one for pre-pharmacy students. Doing well can make your acceptance into pharmacy school a reality.

2) TOEFL - This test is a requirement for foreigners or international students

3) SAT - If you are applying to get into a 0-6 years program you must take this test and do well or your acceptance will be denied. This program is highly competitive, the only way to get in is by getting high SAT scores and high GPA averages

Experiences:

1) You should have some experience working in the pharmacy. This is not truly a requirement but it can only help your admissions to pharmacy school.

2) What made you interested in the pharmacy profession? The only true way to answer this question is by working or volunteering in a clinical or retail pharmacy setting.

I hope this article help you in answering the basic requirements needed in order to get into pharmacy school.

Pharmacy School Requirements
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Charlie Thai is a published author and pharmacy student. He can be reached by going to his website: [http://www.GetIntoPharmacySchool.com]

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Incubus and Sucubus Mythology

Details of the attacks by an incubus/succubus vary form the mild to the horrific. Victims generally claim to feel the presence of some entity lying on top of them, making breathing difficult. In extreme cases the individual may feel he or she is be suffocated... even strangled. Other people claim to have seen horrible images, including black shapes, snakes, demonic forms and even the grinning and malevolent face of the incubus/succubus. There have been reports of heavy pressure on the chest, the sensation of biting teeth or limbs being painfully twisted. People have spoken of their eyes being open during the attack, but being unable to anything except darkness... unable to gasp or cry out, unable to breath or feel or hear anything. Details of being unable to move and being pulled into the bed make uncomfortable reading - but not as terrible as the mental anguish. Some people report feeling an evil presence (or even presences) and sensing imminent death. Imagine being unable to see who or what is assaulting you. Or - in the worse case scenario - gasping fresh air into your lungs after an attack, relieved that your 'nightmare" is over... only for the attack to start all over again, worse this time because you are awake and more aware of the presence.

The male version of this demon is the incubus, and while it drains a woman of her own strength it has an even more sinister agenda. It is supposed to mate with its victim to produce more incubi. The result of this unearthly union is known as a cambion, and when the child is born it appears to be a stillbirth because it shows no obvious sign of life. Its eyes may blink and its limbs may move - it may even speak, but it has no pulse and its breathing is invisible. Around the age of seven years the child will start to behave as a normal human child, but there are sharp differences. Not only is a cambion very beautiful; it often displays an evil character bestowed upon it by the demonic parent. It is also very intelligent and able to persuade even the most resolute human to carry out its wishes. Merlin, the wizard from King Arthur's classic legends, was supposedly the product of an incubus and a mortal woman, with some legends claiming Merlin's mother was actually a nun.

At one time there was a concern regarding the gender of incubi and succubi - it was claimed they were actually one demonic entity with the ability to change its sex depending upon the gender of its victim. It would transform itself into an incubus after it had been with a man, and use the seed it had collected upon the female victim. If the woman did conceive the result would still be a cambion, because although the child's genetic background was human the demonic intervention guaranteed paranormal development.

Incubus and Sucubus Mythology

Stories about incubus/succubus demons have been told throughout history, and from all over the world. Here is a selection of some of the better-known characters:

Jewish folklore tells of Lilu, an incubus who visits women while they sleep. His feminine counterpart is Lilin. These demons were a particular source of anxiety for mothers because they were known to kidnap children. Ardat Lili was another succubus who would visit men at night to ensure the continuation of her demonic race. The incubus was Irdu Lili, who would visit human women to ensure they would produce his offspring.

El Trauco is a mythical dwarf residing on the Chilean island of Chiloé, who despite his hideous appearance has the ability to seduce women. His piercing gaze is feared by male islanders because it has the ability to kill. However there have been occasions when a strong willed man has been able to secure the services of El Trauco for one year, simply by fixing his own gaze upon this incubus first. These stories are rare, however, because El Trauco is able to sense human presence long before the person is sighted. So powerful is his magnetism that selected women (usually sleeping) will instantly fall in love with him, aided by the fact he disguises himself as a wealthy landlord or even a priest.

El Trauco's wife is the equally dreadful La Fiura, an incredibly ugly and shameless little woman who will cast a sickness spell upon anyone who rejects her advances. So foul is her breath it will scar a human and turn animals lame. Despite this she is an irresistible temptress who, after using her victims, will drive them insane.

Encantado is a Brazilian shapeshifter who spends his days as a Boto dolphin frolicking in the Amazon River. At night he takes on the appearance of a handsome young man who seduces young girls. He always wears a hat, because his head retains a prominent dolphin-like appearance when in human form. Encantado is very partial to parties and music, and despite coming from a utopian world craves the pleasures and hardships of human life. Encantado can also bewitch a person to make him/her do their bidding or turn someone into an Encantado. At their most extreme they can inflict sickness, insanity or death upon their victims. Fortunately for these freshwater dolphins (yes, they do exist) it is considered bad luck to kill a Boto. And do not make eye contact with one, or you will suffer nightmares for the rest of your life.

Zanizibar, an island off the coast of the African country of Tanzania, is the chosen abode of Popo Bawa, an incubus who selects male victims. His name means "bat-wing", and refers to his shadow rather than his physical appearance, which varies thanks to Popo Bawa's shapeshifting powers. During daylight hours he looks like an ordinary human being, but at night transforms into a shadowy ghostlike figure with a dreadful odour. He makes himself known by scratching on roofs and at windows with long talons. He also threatens his victims with longer and more vicious assaults should they dare tell anyone Popo Bawa has decided to pay them a visit. Yet it is claimed he becomes angry should anyone deny his existence.

Hungary's Liderc hatches from the first egg of a black hen, and is sometimes called "miracle chicken". Liderc flies through the night skies as a fiery light, sprinkling flames on the earth below. On landing it will shapeshift into a human and access houses through keyholes and chimneys, visible to its victims as a dead relative or loved one. It brings sickness and death to its victims, as well as making the house very dirty before departing. Birch branches and burning incense may stop Liderc from entering the house, but some claim it is very fast and hides in cemeteries. Another story claims Liderc attaches itself to a victim, shapeshifting into either an incubus or succubus depending on its victim's gender. In a twist on the vampire legend it may drink blood from its host, making the victim weak and tired. This Liderc likes to hoard gold, so its human companion becomes wealthy. This creature can be exorcised by either sealing it inside a tree hollow or persuading it to perform some difficult task, like carrying water with a sieve or moving sand with a rope. A second version of the Liderc is much smaller and live in boxes, pockets of discarded clothes, among rags or in glass bottles. Again the human will become wealthy, and may even find himself bestowed with mystical powers... but in exchange for his soul.

The "Hexanhammer" is a book written during the fifteenth century. Also known by its Latin name Malleus Maleficarum or "The Hammer of Witches", it contains information pertaining to witchcraft, and includes a section on the five methods used to stop attacks by a succubus or incubus:

Exorcism - an ancient and very common practice, whereby a priest or other religious leader calls upon God and, together with religious symbols such as Holy Water and Crosses, to cast out the demon. On occasion Angels and/or Archangels may also be called upon to assist with the exorcism.

Sacramental Confession - a sacred rite designed to protect by bestowing a blessing of spiritual grace through Christ; similar to baptism or confession.

Angelic Salutation - "The Angels' Greeting" calls for intervention from Mary, Mother of Jesus by repeating two verses from Saint Luke's Gospel in the New Testament.

Excommunication - spiritual leaders will ban the afflicted individual from the community until the demon leaves, or until the victim asked for spiritual intervention.

Transportation - moving the victim from his/her house to another place or town where he/she will be safe from the demon.

Unfortunately it appears not all succubi/incubi will respond to attempts to cast them out. A Franciscan friar named Ludovico observed: "They do not obey exorcists, have no dread of exorcisms, show no reverence for holy things, at the approach of which they are not the least overawed".

Incubus and Sucubus Mythology
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The writer was born in Africa, and lived there for the first 38 years of her life. She worked in the world of public relations for over five years, running her own PR company and dealing extensively with the world of journalism and the print media. She is an author on http://www.Writing.Com/, a site for Writers.

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Life's A Gas - A New Approach to Diverticulitis, Flatulence and Gas Pains

Can we be personal for a moment?

Good. Thank you.

We want to discuss a particularly grievous condition that plagues millions of people in our culture from midlife onwards. It is a condition known to be culture-specific, suffered by affluent Westerns more than by any other group of people. And its cause is said to be unknown to modern medicine. It's called diverticulitis.

Life's A Gas - A New Approach to Diverticulitis, Flatulence and Gas Pains

Diverticulitis is a pain in the butt for millions of people, literally, since it involves the colon and rectum. What happens is that the wall of the colon, or large intestine, becomes weakened over time from increased pressure of unknown cause. The pressure within the colon causes weakened areas to pocket outwards, creating sacs for digested matter to collect and fester. These sacs are called diverticula. When you have these sacs you are said to have diverticulosis. When diverticula become infected and inflamed, the condition is called diverticulitis, which can be as painful as appendicitis and can lead to rupture of the colon wall, a very dangerous situation. The key issue involved in this condition is the creation of increased pressure within the large intestine. It is the force of this pressure that causes the sacs to form.

Knowing what causes the increased pressure, then, is essential to the prevention and treatment of this condition. At one time it was thought by medicine that the diet might be too high in fiber, causing a blockage of digestion and the increased colon pressure. But lowering the fiber of the diet did not significantly alter the condition. Then it was thought that too little fiber prevented proper elimination, and high fiber diets were recommended. Unfortunately, this did not help the condition, either. Diverticulitis is also equally common among vegetarians as it is among meat eaters. While special interest groups promoting certain diets present research supporting their dietary view as preventive of diverticulitis, there is contrasting research to balance it. So, the overall research on diverticulitis has been inconclusive regarding the cause of increased colon pressure that creates this dreadful condition. And in the absence of knowing the cause, medicine can merely offer pain relief with drugs, antibiotics for the infections, and surgery for particularly nasty, abscessed pockets. As for prevention, the current suggestion is to eat more fiber, making th bowels need to eliminate more frequently.

Of course, one thing was overlooked in the medical research on diverticulitis. The most common reason for increased colon pressure is not really a medical issue, but a cultural one. That is why medicine has missed it. Furthermore, this cultural practice causes the medical profession to suffer from diverticulitis to an even greater extent than their patients.

It all has to do with answering Nature when it calls.

We live in a society that trains us from birth to hold in our waste products. From the pressures of diaper training, to the pressures of using public toilets at school, to the pressures of working without the choice of taking needed potty breaks, or where a toilet is simply not available, our culture has pressured us into holding it in. Of course, this creates pressure in the colon. After all, one of the simplest ways to increase colon pressure is to close the anal sphincter while the intestine is contracting.

Everyone has experienced this one time or another. Perhaps the urge came when you were involved in a social situation that you could not conveniently stop simply because you had to answer Nature's call. Or it could have been while driving, and a rest stop or service station was nowhere to be found. Even if there was a convenient restroom, some people are uncomfortable defecating in a public restroom and prefer holding it in until home. Whatever the reason, the fact is that our culture makes personal waste management an issue that is not always easily resolved, promoting procrastination rather than elimination. The result is increased colon pressure and diverticula formation.

In addition to holding in waste, there is the even greater problem of holding in gas. The technical term for this is flatus retention. It's what most people are trained to do in public, from school days onward. This is why diverticulitis is more prevalent among professional, affluent Westerns, than among the poor of third world countries. The higher your status, the less acceptable your flatus. It seems that poverty buys a right to pass wind when needed, while affluence creates the need for greater discretion. Yet, the sad fact is that the pressure of the fart must go somewhere. Either pass wind or have your intestine blow up. The choice is yours.

Now you can see why medicine says the cause of diverticulitis is unknown. A cultural taboo enshrouds this topic, preventing its unbiased and honest consideration. Interestingly, there was one article connecting diverticulitis with holding in gas. It was in the British medical journal, Lancet, in 1975. The article is entitled, "Flatus retention is the major factor in diverticular disease". But the information was ignored. Medicine seems more comfortable prescribing drugs and surgery for diverticulitis than simply telling people to poop and fart more often.

For those who suffer from diverticulosis or diverticulitis, you can perform your own self study. Over the next three months, note how often you feel the urge to eliminate, but find yourself choosing, for one reason or another, to hold it in. Pay particular attention to your need to pass wind, and how often you don't. Make every effort to allow your body to do what it wants to do. If you have a partner, you may want him or her to try this self study at the same time.

Life's A Gas - A New Approach to Diverticulitis, Flatulence and Gas Pains
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Sydney Ross Singer is a medical anthropologist and director of the Institute for the Study of Culturogenic Disease, located in Hawaii. His unique form of applied medical anthropology searches for the cultural/lifestyle causes of disease. His working assumption is that our bodies were made to be healthy, but our culture and the attitudes and behaviors it instills in us can get in the way of health. By eliminating these causes, the body is allowed to heal. Since most diseases of our time are caused by our culture/lifestyle, this approach has resulted in many original discoveries into the cause, and cure, of many common diseases. It also makes prevention possible by eliminating adverse lifestyle practices. Sydney works with his co-researcher and wife, Soma Grismaijer, and is the author of several groundbreaking health books.

Sydney's background includes a B.S. in biology from the University of Utah; an M.A. degree from Duke University in biochemistry and anthropology; 2 years of medical school training at UTMB at Galveston, along with Ph.D. training in medical humanities.

If you want the full scoop on poop, see our book, Get It Out! Eliminating the Cause of Diverticulitis, Kidney Stones, Bladder Infections, Cervical Dysplasia, PMS, Menopausal Discomfort, Prostate Enlargement...and More! And visit our website http://www.SelfStudyCenter.org

Sydney Ross Singer and Soma Grismaijer can be reached at the Institute for the Study of Culturogenic Disease, P.O. Box 1880, Pahoa, Hawaii 96778 (808) 935-5563. sydsinger@gmail.com

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Top 25 Undergraduate Schools

With competition rising fiercely for admission into a good undergraduate school and the choice of subjects, school curriculum expanding with it, choosing the best undergraduate school can be confusing. There are large, small, public, private, urban and rural undergraduate schools to select from; while some are appealing because of their inviting locale in a countryside setting or in the midst of a cosmopolitan setting others lure the students with their state-of-the-art facilities and distinguished host of teachers.

The list of top 25 undergraduate schools listed below have many diverse traits and distinct characteristics, however the common thread running through them is that of the promise of the best education ever. The undergraduate school curriculum of these top 25 schools is unparalleled and makes them stand apart as the institutions of great learning.

Best Ivy undergraduate school

Top 25 Undergraduate Schools

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Yale president Richard Levin is a leader and a visionary and has been tireless in his efforts to change ED admissions policies, making it a one of the many reasons for it being the vied for the number one position and topping the student's list for admissions. A big attraction of the undergraduate experience for students is the residential-college system. Students live in one of twelve colleges, each with its own distinct personality, under the guidance of a master and a dean.

Best School for Entrepreneurs

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.

Six of the campus's 10 undergraduate schools offer entrepreneurship courses. The Smeal College of Business and the College of Engineering are the most natural partners, with joint programs to show engineers how to run businesses and to teach business students the latest technology. Hotel-management students operate two on-campus hotels and conference centres where they're involved in everything from food service to staffing the front desk while the College of Communications focuses on entrepreneurship in the Information Age.

Big 10 School - Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill

Comprising of six undergraduate schools, Northwestern University attracts students with diverse aspirations including budding actors, journalists, engineers and teachers as well as a host of liberal-arts students. Each school is world renown and attracts the best minds from across the globe. Set in Evanston at the edge of the bustling Cosmo polis of Chicago, Northwestern offers its students the best of both worlds.

Best Architectural School - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

President Charles Vest initiated an ambitious billion construction program at MIT which includes the Steven Holl's Simmons Hall, a aluminium-clad dormitory as well as the Fumihiko Maki's expansion of the Media Lab. The more famous building is that of the Stata Center, a computer-science landmark by Frank Gehry containing labs for the "intelligence sciences" and connected corridors and public spaces to encourage spontaneous collaboration. MIT calls it an "intellectual village."

Best school of for Arts - Juilliard School, New York, N.Y.

With a history of more than a hundred years, Julliard is known as one the most famous undergraduate school of arts and can boast of an impressive alumni list the likes of the actor Kevin Kline, violinist Itzhak Perlman and choreographer Lar Lubovitch. To celebrate this glory, the school has introduced new choreography, productions and performances. Only a few select students comprising of musicians, dancers and actors get chosen every year to showcase their talent in the Juilliard Theatre right next to Lincoln Centre. That's the best inspiration for any aspiring star.

Best Library- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Harvard's library system ranks with the best of any kind in the country, even as compared to the Library of Congress. The collection which includes more than 15 million volumes, 5.5 million microforms, 6.5 million manuscripts and 5 million other research materials such as photographs, maps and recordings is the largest in the world. Harvard's digital collection is particularly strong, and is hugely beneficial for students who want access to any existing online journal

Best Riding School - Hollins University, Roanoke, Virginia

Situated in the breathtaking locale of Virginia's horse country, Hollins undergraduate school is known for its exceptional training for equestriennes. The school is a regular winner of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference championship, and the Hollins team has won ten times in the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association. Although many Hollins students work with horses after graduation as trainers, riders or veterinarians, the school also offers a strong liberal-arts program and a highly regarded creative-writing curriculum. It is famous for its celebrity alumni the likes of Margaret Wise Brown, Annie Dillard and Lee Smith.

Best undergraduate school for diversity-Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut

Dean of Admissions Nancy Meislahn believes that only a large cross section of society from across the globe can contribute to the intellectual diversity of an educational system. Wesleyan's student population comprises of one third coloured people and 7% international students. An additional 15% are the first in their family to attend a four-year college. It offers a huge diversity of shared learning and wide range of perspective to the classroom.

Best Tech Savvy School - Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H

This undergraduate school has been in the forefront of technological revolution ever since professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, forty years ago, not only realized the importance of computers but were responsible for creating the computer language BASIC. It is known to have the first e-mail programs and an early campus computer network. Dartmouth was also the first Ivy to install WiFi on campus. The school offers free software to students so they can turn their laptops into telephones using the school's WiFi.

Best Fitness School - University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Following the adage of Thomas Jefferson, the founder of UVA, who advocated that a strong body makes the mind strong, UVA offers both varsity competitors and weekend warriors some of the best fitness facilities in the country. Students benefit hugely from the four indoor recreation centres, which together make up 300,000 square feet of pools, running tracks, weight rooms and classrooms for yoga and kickboxing. The school also maintains a 23-acre park for outdoor field sports and jogging.

Best Honor Code - Haverford College, Haverford, Pa.

The honor code is central to the college's values and includes every aspect of academic and social life. Rob Killion, Director of Admissions says that the founder, Haverford expects people to learn from one another, debate and argue with one another--but to do so respectfully. It is an academically rigorous liberal-arts college that advocates take-home and non-supervised exams as well as students living in dorms, without resident advisers

Best school for studying abroad - Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts

The mission at Tufts is simple - to teach students to be world citizens. Tufts likes students who want to study abroad which translates into a strong language requirement, and a chance to learn a new culture in one of Tufts's own centres in countries like Germany, Chile, China or Ghana. About 40% of Tufts juniors are travelling across the world during the academic year.

Best School for Politics - George Washington University, Washington, D.C

With a campus close to the World Bank and a stone's throw away from the White House, GWU is a dream college for every Political Science major. Many of the professors are consultants to top government officials thus bringing a real, practical and intelligent perspective to the classroom. The school also encourages internships at government agencies, think tanks and advocacy organizations.

Best school for Double Majors - Rice University, Houston, Texas

Rice allows its students to explore their passions and requires them to commit to their majors only in the Junior Year unlike most schools who ask for it in the Sophomore Year. With an ambitious student body, many of them go for double majors. The most common combination is science and humanities. The school is best known for its engineering and science curriculum, but the social sciences are also becoming strong.

Best school for Greeks with brains- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich

Michigan is known for its multi-disciplinary approach including everything from music to medicine. A good eclectic mix of academics and a lively social life, it offers its students everything. About 15% of undergrads go Greek, which students say helps them find a friendlier community within the vast student population. Fraternities and sororities are especially popular with the many out-of-state students.

Best school for Hot and Dry - Pomona College, Claremont, Calif.

Pomona is one of five colleges of the Claremont University where students experience the best of both worlds - the academically challenging environment of a small New England liberal-arts college with year-round California sunshine. A combination that is attractive and motivating, the applications are up by almost 30% in the last few years. Students also can explore the academic and social resources of the other Claremont colleges, including Pitzer, Harvey Mudd and Scripps. But none of the colleges will be tapping a keg during "dry week," a tradition at the start of the year during wherein no alcohol is allowed on campus.

Best State University - University of Texas at Austin

Although University of Texas Austin has attained the distinction of a laid-back campus, it is no place for slackers. With 50,000 students (more than any other school in the country), UT boasts some of the nation's best business, law and engineering schools. Besides football, it has 900 student organizations that should keep you going.

Best school for landing a job - Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa

Practical approach and hands-on experience is the most important part of life at Carnegie Mellon. The school has 12 programs including computer science, engineering and drama which are very famous. The school takes pride in being on the cutting edge in every field and encourages students to think about applying what they learn to the real world. About 70 percent of Carnegie Mellon students have a job offer when they graduate.

Best school for Health Careers - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.

One of the top public universities in the US, UNC-Chapel Hill offers students a choice of more than 50 majors. But the main attraction for future doctors, nurses and other health professionals is the opportunity to study at a campus with all health disciplines in one place. The School of Nursing and the School of Public Health both have undergraduate programs. At the School of Medicine, undergrads can earn degrees in radiology science or clinical laboratory practice.

Best school for Individualists - Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio

Oberlin comprises of the College of Arts and Sciences and the Conservatory of Music. It has a unique approach to life and learning and the undergraduate school curriculum offers innovative subject matter like - Death and the Art of Dying, American Mixed Blood, and Destination: L.A. The student-run Experimental College lets undergraduates teach courses of their own creation, like Making Your Own Mobile or Mythology and Epic Storytelling in "Lord of the Rings." This eccentricity is very rewarding and Oberlin graduates have more Ph.D.s than alumni of any other liberal-arts college.

Best school for city haters - Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Cornell's rural, upstate New York campus is bounded by deep gorges, spectacular scenery and a beautiful rural setting. However, it has one of the most rigorous and challenging curriculum that draws only the best minds. The school's greatest attraction is its academic diversity, with top-ranked undergraduate schools of engineering, arts and sciences, architecture, hotel administration, industrial and labour relations, agriculture and human ecology.

Best school for city lovers - New York University, New York, N.Y.

With the Olsen twins Mary-Kate and Ashley lending NYU some of its fame, it is a school loved by the urban and the hip. Despite the 9/11 catastrophe, it continues to draw crowds of talented students. One of the top attractions is the Tisch School of the Arts, which nurtures future actors, dancers and screenwriters. The business school is also highly rated, and students can take advantage of internships on Wall Street. The campus of NYU is not structured in the strictest sense; in fact buildings scattered throughout the Greenwich Village, most students like to believe that they have the whole city as the campus to explore.

Best Military School - U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.

The four-year undergraduate curriculum at Annapolis is tough and technically oriented, with core requirements in engineering, natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. Traditions play a huge part in campus life. "When you first show up for classes in the fall, students begin counting down the number of days until the Army-Navy game," says Cmdr. Tim Disher, admissions officer. Graduates become commissioned officers in the Navy or the Marine Corps.

Best undergraduate school for scholarships - Berea College, Berea, Ky.
The 1,500 students at Berea come from families with average household incomes of only ,000, and 80% have grown up in southern Appalachia, a region that spans nine states with some of the most remote and poor rural communities in the country. Berea's mission is unique in that it believes in promoting education by giving scholarships to the poor but deserving. All students get full-tuition scholarships, although they do have to pay for their room, board and books. However, scholarships are available for those as well. Students are required to work--many of them at jobs on campus that help to keep Berea's costs down.

Best Surf and Ski School - University of California, Santa Barbara

It is known to be the most beautiful campus located at the edge of the Pacific. UCSB also boasts Nobel Prize winners on its faculty, top research centres in science and technology and an extensive study-abroad program. Aside from the top academics, the various recreation programs offered attract many of the students. The campus has its own beaches where students can surf, and the Big Bear ski resort is just a few hours' drive away.

Top 25 Undergraduate Schools
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The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty

The Roman Principate and the Han dynasty were two very competent empires that left lasting influences in the areas of their expansion, even following their demise. Despite this congruence in basic political structure and social arrangements, the two empires varied in concepts such as religion, center of power, and military significance. This compelling unity, nevertheless, revived for the Chinese years later, but unfortunately never remerged for the Romans.

In order to have had an empire, of course, both civilizations had very strong and autocratic central governments. This allowed for a powerful and an ever-expanding kingdom. This expansionary military needed a way to travel, thus was the reason for creating a road system. The basic foundation for the military and government may appear to be similar on the surface, but they actually were quite different. The Roman army, for one, was a more experienced and privileged group of men who held higher ranks in the class system. These men, along with the senate also played a vital role in the picking of an emperor and maintained a great deal of loyalty to him. The senate was typically the center of power for the Roman Empire, anyway. In the Han dynasty, however, the ruler was hereditary and he had to appeal, persuade, and even threaten to achieve agreement with him. The military was certainly less loyal and less likely to struggle for power, mostly due to the fact that the soldiers were newly drafted and had little experience. China had two capital cities, Luoyang in the east, and Chang'an in the West, that served as seats of power for emporers. The middle class was free from government constraints in Rome, which allowed for economic mobility. This was not the case for the Han as the merchant class was restricted by the government. The imperial model of these two societies managed only to revive in China some years later; however, the same cannot be stated for Rome.

Ultimately, the two empires were agriculturally based with homogenous cities and diverse peoples living in the surrounding regions. Rome was even considered an urban empire because rule was from the cities, in spite of having over eighty percent dedicated to agriculture. The cultures had very different attitudes concerning the state and family, though. The hierarchy, strengthened by Confucius thought, was emphasized in China as compared to Rome. The family, with a good deal of deference for ancestors and respect for authority, was a significant model for society and the state. In Rome, the cult of ancestors and the family was not a model for society. There, in truth, was never a definite ideology of political organization for the state and its rulers to abide by. This may explain why there was never a reemergence of the Roman imperial model.

The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty

Religion was perhaps the prime distinction between the two nations. While the Han appeared to benefit from the doctrines of Confucius, Christianity appealed to the Romans, but after its acceptance from Constantine. After Constantine's revelation with Christianity, he ended the persecution of Christians and nearly converted the entire empire to these beliefs. It is unknown whether Constantine actually accepted Christianity, but he supported the church as did numerous succeeding rulers. This religion eventually influenced many decisions and beliefs of future rulers of Rome. It more specifically appealed to the lower classes such as women, slaves, and the poor. Buddhism, a heresy to Confucius idea, was just emerging in China and did not grasp the majority until the post-Han era.

Conclusively, the cost of such a vast empire was more than the government and its people could bear. The broad borders of the two empires required too much maintenance and were quite expensive. To keep up with the escalating dilemma, the state was forced to tax its citizens extensively. This action lost the loyalty of the public and many borders were abandoned, weakening the government in return. The two governments could not afford this burden and failed to extend the life of the empire and they fundamentally collapsed. However, the new immigrant groups that now flourished in these areas tried to maintain the culture of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty after being subjected by them for so many years.

The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty
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Difference Between APA and MLA

When conducting research papers, there are two major styles we can choose. The first style is MLA style. MLA style is more commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities category. The second style that we use for research papers is APA style. APA style is commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences category. So far in my writing career I have only experienced writing MLA format. I am excited to conduct my next library research on immigration using the APA style. In this journal entry, I will be exploring some key aspects of using APA style and exploring some major differences between APA and MLA styles.

The general format of the APA format includes: a title page, page numbers and running head, an abstract, headings, visuals, and a list of references. The title page should include a running head for publication purposes, a title, and byline. Going with the title page includes page numbers and a running heading. On the upper right-hand corner of each page, there should include a 1-2 word version of the title. Next follow the title with five spaces and then the page number. The abstract is a 75-100 word overview of the essay and should be on its own separate page after the title page. Visuals such as tables and graphs can be very useful in providing supplements to the research paper. The visual must be as simple as possible clearly labeled. Finally, similar to a works cited page in a MLA style paper, an APA research paper need a list of reference. The list of reference must have a title that is centered from the top of the page and double spaced. The list must be alphabetized by last name of the authors.

MLA papers on the other hand, do not include a separate title page but do contain a works cited page unlike the reference page of APA papers as mentioned. The first page in the upper left-hand corner of an MLA paper should include your name, your instructor's name, the course title, and the date, all double spaced. All pages should be numbered in the upper right-hand corner and the title should be centered. The works cited page should begin on a new page must be numbered and alphabetized by the author's last name first. Sentences made should also be double spaced with indented lines after the first sentence. Titles should be underlined or enclosed in quotation marks.

Difference Between APA and MLA

In writing research papers, there are two very distinctive styles yet important in their own rights in presenting the research conducted. After working with MLA style until now, I feel that the MLA style would be easier to organize because it is the style that I am most common with. However, I feel that the structure of the APA style is more professional wherein it includes the need to analyze important scientific literature. The APA style is also more professional in which it goes in depth and includes an abstract, headings for sub-topics, and visuals.

Difference Between APA and MLA
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A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag

The cowboy's bedroll, unlike bedrolls or sleeping bags used by modern-day campers, was much, much more than a sleeping bag. The bedroll served as his "mini-home" on the range.

In its most elaborate form, a bedroll contained a whole host of personal possessions wrapped in canvas (when canvas could be found) or sometimes just in make-shift heavy grain sack cloth. Tied up or strapped within such a bedroll might be a "sugan" (also spelled "sougan" or "suggan" and several other very creative ways) or two and the cowboy's "war bag" or "possibles sack." In fact, a well-planned and well-stocked bedroll carefully wrapped and tied might be slung across a horse's back behind the saddle, or if it was too large and burdensome and the cowboy was a working cowboy, his bedroll might be slung off the side of a chuck wagon or tucked down in the bed of the chuck wagon along with all the crew's cooking utensils.

Smaller bedrolls for "portability" may have been mounted on the cowboy's horse, but not the true, masterpieces of portable homes like a serious, full-grown bedroll. Which means we should ask -- what were these mysterious "sugans" or "war bags," and how did they work for the average cowboy?

A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag

Sugans -- These were heavy blankets, or more often quilts, that contained some substance and if possible some padding that made them warm for cover. The same term is sometimes used for a small tarp or canvas that could be drapped over a tree branch or propped up with sticks to form a rudimentary one-man tent. So a sugan might be a tent, or you might think of it as a sleeping bag. The important thing in winters on the range in Texas or across the Great Plains was that sugans should provide both shelter and warmth as much as possible.

War Bags or Possible Sacks -- If you think about those terms, you may figure this one out. These were canvas bags or often just old grain or flower sacks in which the cowboy kept prized possessions. They could be grabbed up and taken along in a hurry. Quoting from Winfred Blevins' "Dictionary of the American West":

"In the days of the open range, a snoop probably would have found some town clothing, the makings (for cigarettes), cartridges and maybe some letters from home in it [the war bag]."

A modern-day bedroll is much less colorful and exciting. In cowboy terms, "bedroll" was equivalent to an entire one-person camping setup. In modern terms a "bedroll" really just refers to a good sleeping bag.

The old "cowboy ways" of using bedroll appeals to me the most. It makes a bedroll into a portable campsite, a portable home away from home.

A Cowboy's Bedroll Was Much More Than a Sleeping Bag
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Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators

There is a broad range of careers that you can pursue with a background in education, many of which you may never have thought of. You can use your teaching skills for career opportunities in higher education, childcare administration, publishing, information science, journalism, sales, marketing, human resources and much more. And this is by no means an exhaustive list; this is just the tip of the iceberg. And it stands to reason that if you can wrangle a gaggle of kindergartners, seventh-graders or first-year college students, you have many of the skills necessary to manage employees in various settings.

Let's take a closer look at a few of the career options mentioned above to get you thinking in some broadening directions:

Higher Education

Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators

Do you feel drawn to the world of academia and higher education? Educators and teachers are able to transition with relative ease into jobs in higher ed- college administration, student affairs, curriculum development, alumni relations and development, human resources, you name it. Having a master's degree in education as your foundation, your teacher skills are quite transferable in the higher education workplace, both in faculty and administration. You can work toward becoming a professor, perhaps a dean of a department, a director of financial aid; the possibilities are endless. The Chronicle of Higher Education, the go-to publication for Higher Education professionals, can better help you get a grip on the ins and outs of academia.

Curriculum Specialist / Instructional Coordinator

As a teacher, you've probably been (or will soon be) intimately involved in planning, preparing coursework and developing syllabi for your classes. If you enjoy that aspect of teaching and want to shape the student learning process on a grander scale, think about becoming an instructional coordinator, or curriculum specialist. You'll train other teachers, choose textbooks, coordinate the implementation of technology, evaluate existing programs for suitability and success or even develop a unique curriculum to be used by teachers. This is an exciting and creative field, and for many, as rewarding as teaching.

Information Science

As a direct result of the digital revolution, information science is one of the most exciting fields emerging today. Information scientists attend to how people present, access and use information of all kinds. The amount of data and information available is ever expanding, and is increasing across fields and contexts-from the natural and social sciences, to the humanities, to private and public sectors alike. Educators play an important role in how this information is presented and how we access it. Digital libraries, websites, blogs and all types of online user services are emerging that rely on knowing how a person learns and accesses information, and how others respond to it. Opportunities in new media, online publishing and distance education-just to name a few-abound for students trained in educational practice and theory.

Human Resources

Do you enjoy forging professional relationships and team building? You may want to consider human resources development, perhaps as a personnel or labor relations specialist. Human resources, as a job field, is ever-evolving-pulling together elements of psychology, management, financial planning, economy and development to help steer and guide a company toward shared goals. While it's true that human resources professionals are commonly thought of as bridges between the management and workforce, it can be so much more. So do some investigating yourself; check out this broad and informative overview of careers in human resources, training and labor relations management.

Museum Curator

Are museums your cup of tea? They often employ those with education degrees as archivists, curators and technicians. Museum jobs offer an educational and fascinating alternative to the classroom. An archivist will research, classify and catalog information of all types-photos, news articles, film, video and sound recordings, letters, books and all manner of electronic data. A curator, on the other hand, is more likely to deal with tangible items-art, collectibles, historic objects, bits of nature-and coordinate displays or programs for the public. Museums are the educational cornerstones to our past and future, and museums are always in need of emerging professionals, so check out the American Association of Museums career page to learn more.

You've just had a look at a very small slice of the career options available to those with master's and professional degrees in education. With the ways in which we interact, learn and work changing so rapidly, entire industries are being built around emerging technologies and new economies. Perhaps the wheels have started turning for you and you've begun to realize that a master's degree in education is in no way a limitation on your career options, but instead can prepare you for a whole world of exciting work opportunities. Do your own research, delve deep into your own interests-work will never feel like work as long as you're doing what you love.

Alternative Career Paths For Professional Educators
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